Ethical issues in Packaging Practices Research Paper

Ethical issues in Packaging Practices - Research Paper Example The world today has progressed towards being more consumer-oriented. One of the most important aspects of marketing is packaging basically since it portrays the origin of a particular product. From a marketing perspective it is important to ensure that the packaging is such that it allures the potential customers and increases the sales of the product. It is important to present sufficient information about the product on its package so that the customers have enough information before deciding to buy a particular product. However, several ethical issues surfaces with the aspect of packaging since in order to ensure proper sale values several factors are compromised with leading to unethical practices. Shrimp present four different ethical issues that are involved with packaging. The four issues primarily include representation graphics, information present on the cover or the label, safety of the packaging material and environmental issues. Graphics for starters, is the key factor which represents the product meant for sale. Some producers and marketers utilize pictures on the packaging case which do not appropriately represent the actual product and in most cases maybe misleading and present a false representation of the product. Labeling and providing information on the labels is another vital aspect of packaging a certain product. The information printed on the body is meant to provide sufficient details to the potential customers.

Roles and Responsibilities- River Island case study Essay Example for Free

Roles and Responsibilities- River Island case study Essay Roles and Responsibilities In a business every employee has a position or role within their workplace. A manager is expected to lead his or her employees, a supervisor is assumed to be good at teaching others as they are usually training additional employees. In this section I will explain the different roles and responsibilities a manager, supervisor and an employee may have including their decision making and problem solving techniques involved in their role. Roles and responsibilities of a Manager: A River Island manager has many responsibilities; they are responsible for the hiring and training of new staff members. The manager has to read through applications and decide whom to interview. The manager has to decide whether the candidate is right for the job in other words fits in with the shops working environment. The shop manager is also reliable for training all hires in the businesss procedures and policies. I spoke to River Island shop managers and she informed me that one of her roles as a manager is to manage her staff. A shop manager has to inform all staff members of their working hours and duties within the shop she also has to think about awarding hard-working staff with promotions or bonuses. On the other hand those who fail to accomplish a duty, the manager will warn them under the disciplinary procedures of the company. In addition a shop manager’s duty is to record and manage all the money that goes into the store. The shop manager must record the amount of money that goes in and out of the store each day, they have to keep track of the stores spending, and including staffing hours and often distributes pay checks to employees. Roles and responsibilities of a Supervisor: A supervisor’s role is to organise the store, a river Island supervisor has to co-ordinate activities of the assigned department, and they usually have to determine how important the activities are on a daily basis. For example an employee who works in the men clothing section in River Island may be assigned the role of organising and cleaning up that department, it is the supervisor’s job to make sure the employee knows this. The supervisor is in charge of making sure that the Sales assistant reports that those jobs are completed for the week. Supervisors have to check the store for cleanliness and ensure that the store display is neat and organized before the store opens. And if the store manager is not available the supervisor steps in to manage the store activities. Supervisors hold staff meetings to discuss issues staff member may have in performing their job within this meeting they discuss changes in routines, clothing offers or discounts. Roles and responsibilities of an Employee (Sales Assistant): I contacted a River Island employee and asked on the main responsibilities of being a River Island sales assistant. The Sales Assistant expressed to me the different responsibilities she had. It is an employee’s job to look after customers when they are shopping meaning they must be ready to answer questions and find items for customers. An employee also must be able to give good advice to their customers ‘As River Island representatives we are expected to ‘step up’ when necessary’. She also declared her role in making sure customers visit to the store is enjoyable and pleasant. Moreover she makes sure her approach to customers is polite and respectable she does this by greeting customers as they enter and leave the store, dealing with customer’s complaints professionally and making sure the customer is satisfied with the conclusion. As well as the above, a sales assistant has to make sure that all shelves are stocked up. Replenishing stock is one of a sales assistant’s most important jobs alongside being able to work at tills and balance the cash registers with receipts received. Qualities and Skills Qualities and Skills of a Manager: A manager must have many skills and qualities. An ideal manager for a retail store must be able to bring out the best in others as well as themselves. A manager should be able to discipline his/her staff, working as a role model towards their staff. A good manager should also be able to commit to a task or activity. On the River Island website I found out information on special skills a manager should have to conduct his/her job successfully. An ideal manager should have good communication skills as they have to communicate with their employees, good leadership skills, are focused, able to persuade his/her employees and organised, a manager should be able to divide large tasks and activities into manageable ones. A manager with good communication skills can help to build an organised and effective team of employees. It also helps to build and manage performance of their team members, having good communication skills can benefit the maintenance of relationships between employees. It is also crucial for a manager because it allows them to deal with customer complaints limiting any negative feedback about your business. A manager should be able to be persuasive and have good organisational, leadership skills. This allows employees to feel as if they can trust their manager; they feel as if they want to be led by them not have to be. This not only helps an employee grow fond of their job but also motivates them to give 100% effort. Helping to give the business an outstanding reputation and influences more customers to buy from their store. Qualities and Skills of a Supervisor: Sometimes the manager may not be available so this is when a supervisor steps in. A supervisor has to have similar skills to a manager but supervisors are more in contact with their fellow employees. A supervisor should have good flexibility and time management as well as basic communication skills. A supervisor should be able to motivate his/her employees to perform as well as they can to help the business succeed. Good flexibility can ensure that a supervisor is responsive to changes in the work place and is not blown off by any difficult situations. For example a customer complaint, a good supervisor especially for River Island should be able to stay calm under pressure and respond quickly to difficult circumstances. This also helps to keep the reputation of the business at its highest as customers are more likely to buy from somewhere that is knowledgeable in all situations. A supervisor should be able to manage their time, by doing this it keeps the employees confident that they are being led by someone who knows what they are doing, with this employees work harder increasing productivity, customer service and revenue. Qualities and Skills of an Employee: For a sales assistant especially at a clothing store they must be able to work as part of a team, enjoy working with the public as well as be confident when dealing with difficult situations for example difficult customers. Moreover an employee must have these key skills: †¢ Have a polite and helpful manner †¢ Have basic mathematical skills, for dealing with payments and stock checks and are comfortable with using computerised equipment such as tills. This enhances customer services where customers will tell their friends and family to visit the store due to their good services meaning more customers further more increasing the revenue for the store. †¢ be flexible, adaptable, reliable and trustworthy. These skills helps to prevent reduced employees loyalty due to this more employees refrain from their jobs. This means more money is spent on recruiting more staff, increasing a company cost which is not good for a business’s finances. Training and Development Opportunities According to the River Island website River Island invests in staff and encourages career development. River Island offer many different methods of training for example for sales advisors and store managers they perform a 3-4 week induction programme at a training store. They also provide skill development workshops relevant to the role you have in the river island job for example if you are a manager there are workshops to help you improve on your time management skills, organisation, delegation and other key skills a manager should have. Most River Island stores have regular progress reviews to monitor performance and development needs of individual employees. Even skilled managers have management training modules (relevant to their role) where they train managers off the job basic but in depth skill of being a manager. These training days help to enhance employee’s performance on the job. Benefiting River Island as a business because their employees are always well trained and know what they are doing. Customers would rather go to a store that is well known for employees who are helpful and organised rather than ones that lack these simple skills. ‘We want to help you make the most of your career with River Island and hope you enjoy working with us. ’ Methods of motivation The River Island company use methods of motivation to encourage their employees to do a better job than they otherwise would. Some of the ways River Island motivate their staff is by offering staff discounts of 30% off on items of clothing or accessories within the store for employees a further discount of 50% off if you are a manager. Also River Island offers a monthly salary to their staffs which ensures to pay staff no matter how much hours they work. On top of this River Island also allow their staff to work together in teams to complete certain tasks, this can make the job seem more enjoyable to the staff with a much more comfortable relaxing environment. This helps to retain staff because employees prefer a job were offers and discounts are issued especially with a popular clothing store like River Island rather than working in an environment that does not offer any type of fringe benefits .This relates to the Maslow Hierarchy of needs theory, as staff at River Island feels a sense of belonging working in groups and are meeting their everyday survival needs. Motivating your staff can help to keep a business successful. A River Island staff member said ‘The more motivated I am the harder I work to help the business reach its goals to earn more money’. Motivating your staff can help to increase output, improve quality of your business as well as save money for your business. If employees are keen to stay with the company then money is not loss on hiring and training of new staff. Based on Hertzberg two-factor theory of motivation, I believe River Island could offer more methods of motivation in a way to retain staff, for example empowerment. Empowering an employee makes them feel as if they are being noticed for the hard work they are putting in. This can make a staff member put in extra work and take pride in the extra work they are doing increasing output and quality of the business. . PEST Factors Organisations can face problems from external factors which can affect a business’s products, policies, people and profits. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operations. A PEST analysis is usually carried out by business planners this allows them to improve their strategies. Political Factors Political factors usually affect the ways in which changes in the government policy can influence businesses. River Island has to abide by the employment laws developed by the government. This may include the equal pay act of 1970 that women and men should receive equal pay for doing the same type of work or even the race relations act of 1976 which states that making discriminations against an employee on grounds of their race is illegal. Other factors may include the sex discrimination act, 1925 which protects employees against discrimination due to the gender for example if river island was promoting manager recruitment they cannot state the employee has to be of a specific gender. Though this does not apply in all situations if there was recruitment for a female attendant for the female changing rooms this would not apply. Similar to the race relations act of 1976 also states discrimination on grounds of race is illegal though there are GOQ’s genuine occupation qualifications that are legitimate in some cases. One of the most recent acts produced lately is the national minimum wage act, 1998. This ensures than employees are not exploited and are paid enough for them to survive. Minimum wage is increased every year in line with the rise in cost of living. Currently the adult rate for workers over 21 is  £6.19.River Island has key principles against these, and states that employment is freely chosen, living wages are paid, working hours are not excessive, discrimination is not practised and regular employment is provided. Economic Factors Economic factors are those that may limit the customer from buying optional luxuries. Economic factors include taxation, inflation, interest rates and economic growth. During a recession, consumers spend less on optional items such as cars and appliances. As a result, the business environment suffers. Alternatively, if the economic environment is one of affluence, consumers are more likely to spend money, not just on necessities, but larger items as well. Last year recession meant that some employee’s wages were cut down, not much employees were made redundant because of this but wages were slashed to pay for other company costs. In case of an unemployment decrease, turnover will rise and recruiting more employees will become harder though the opposite effect if unemployment increases. Another economic factor is Inflation usually affects someone’s buying power –rising prices means you pay more for the same goods. If there is a rise there is a high probability that there will be a fall in the amount of merchandise bought from River Island. These means business costs increase and sometimes have to stop producing lots of merchandise and focus on spending money on important cost leaving some workers unemployed. Social Factors Social trends are one of the key factors affecting a business; this can include the demographics, age distribution and lifestyle. Social trends are important as they focus on the society and at the end of the day, if the public are buying then the demand at River Island will increase, which means more production. The demands for some popular clothes are determined by fashion. Fashion trends are constantly changing every season meaning more customers are willing to buy from a popular up to date clothing store due to its good reputation. People are now more career focused than previous years, people seem to be more determined to achieve a good status in their dream job to make money and buy all their wants and needs. The most significant sign of this is working mothers- back in the 50’s women were forced to stay at home to cook and clean for their families. Now women have the opportunity to work especially to provide for their families. Though working mothers mainly work part time to cater to when they need to pick up their children from school, though it is now modern for women not to have children. They are much more career focused. More and more employees are trying to make as much money as possible, though River Island is not a store that pay their employees high wages, not much of a ‘career focusing job’. River Island, works enthusiastically with its suppliers and official agencies around the world to provide a standard health and safety regulation to its employees. The company always ensures that their suppliers sign a contract which commit to World Wide Ethical standards and those who violate them will be prosecuted. Technological Factors Technology has both a negative and positive effect on business recruitment. The positives are that technology like online selling and shopping can benefit an employee because it allows them to sell River Island clothing and accessories online to a wider variety of people on websites like EBay or Amazon. It also can provide more jobs in creating websites, maintaining and updating the website which a River Island representative could do. Though technology can be a disadvantage having a website means fewer employees to recruit as people can easily just buy products online. Employers also can now employ people who have good IT skills; this can help to keep River Island as a business up to date. Online selling/websites can affect the workforce of River Island, this because consumers find it easier and more effective for them to purchase items online. This affects employees of River Island; they may lose their job because River Island can now reduce cost, and spend it effectively. Employers can also use social networking sites as ways of keeping an eye on their employees, investigating on what they are really like. This is happening more often now, though these social networking sites can act as way of motivating staff by building a relationship with them outside the working environment.

Tell Tale Heart :: Essays Papers

Tell Tale Heart "True!--nervous--very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses--not destroyed--not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heavens and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad?" "...Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded--with what caution--with what foresight--with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him." It is impossible to say how the idea of murdering the old man first entered the mind of the narrator. There was no real motive as stated by the narrator: "Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me....For his gold I had no desire. I think that it was his eye!" The narrator states that one of the old man's eyes was a pale blue color with a film over it, which resembled the eye of a vulture. Just the sight of that eye made the narrator's blood run cold, and as a result, the eye (and with it the old man) must be destroyed. Every night at midnight, the narrator went to the old man's room. Carefully, he turned the latch to the door, and opened it without making a sound. When a sufficient opening had been made, a covered lantern was thrust inside. "I undid the lantern cautiously...(for the hindges creaked)--I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights...but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye." The old man suspected nothing. During the day, the narrator continued to perform his usual duties, and even dared to ask each morning how the old man had passed the night; however, at midnight, the nightly ritual continued. Upon the eighth night, the narrator proceeded to the old man's room as usual; however, on this night, something was different. "Never before that night had I felt the extent of my powers--of my sagacity.

Porter five forces Essay

Content 1. Introduction 2. Explanation of the Porter Model 3. Porters five forces Automobile industry 4. Conclusion and weaknesses 1. Introduction Audi History It all began with August Horch, one of Germany’s pioneering personalities automobile engineers. He set up business on his own in 1899, establishing Horch & Cie. Motorwagen Werke in Cologne on November 14 of that year. August Horch left the company in 1909 and immediately established a second car company in Zwickau. Because his surname was already in use and was protected by trademark, he chose its Latin translation for the new company. So â€Å"horch!† – or â€Å"hark† – became â€Å"audi!†. The Audi brand established a tradition of sporting achievement from the very outset. Thanks to his victorious involvement in the Austrian Alpine Runs between 1911 and 1914, August Horch succeeded in making Audi internationally known within just a few years. The Audi four-ring emblem symbolises the merger in 1932 of four previously independent motor-vehicle manufacturers: Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer. In 1969 Auto Union GmbH amalgamated with NSU Motorenwerke AG. [1] Audi Financial situation The revenue in 2013 is 49,880 ERU million, which is higher than that in 2012(48,711 ERU million). Operating income in 2013 is 1,952 ERU million, which is also higher than 2012. With 1,575,480 Audi vehicles sold over the course of the past fiscal year (2013), the volume target of 1.5 million deliveries originally envisaged for 2015waseasilly Exceeded, two years ahead of schedule. [2] The reason I choose to analyze porter five forces of Audi, because I like the appearance of Audi SUV Q5 and Q7. And I deserve to own my car in the few years when I have enough money. Thus, for me, it has some help that I have the knowledge of the background. 2. Explanation of the Porter Model Porter five forces analysis is a framework for industry analysis and business strategy development. It draws upon industrial organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An â€Å"unattractive† industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching â€Å"pure competition†, in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit. This analysis is associated with its principal innovator Michael E. Porter of Harvard University (as of 2014). 3. Porters five forces Automobile industry Barriers to Entry Capital requirements The amount of capital required to start a car company is enormous. For the average person, they can’t come along and start manufacturing automobiles. As to build an auto firm, they need many factors like the site, labor and the support of technology, which be obtain by capital. Thus, the capital is the biggest factor for the creation of auto firm. Technology Technology also is an import factor to build the auto firm. It is complicated not only for the auto firm itself, also for the parts suppliers. As we know, production of the cars can’t complete by the auto firm, which has significant influence by the automotive suppliers. Meanwhile, ideas and technology that provides competitive advantage over others when patented, preventing others from using it and thus creates barrier to entry. Competition There are already significant well established competitors. Globalization the tendency of world investment and businesses to move from national and domestic markets to a worldwide environment, is a huge factor affecting the auto market. Thus, many auto firms are able to compete with the others from domestic markets to the world. Competition will become more violent than the past. Government regulations and policies Although government’s job is to preserve free competitive market, it restricts competition through regulations and restrictions. Thus, government regulations are a big part of barriers for the auto industry. Automobile firms need to observe safety design, emission standards and fuel efficiency by government. And different countries have various policies and restriction on automobile industry for instance Economic Commission of Europe. Marketing a new brand Marketing a new brand can be difficult. Not only distribution costs and marking costs are very expensive, but people cannot easy to accept a new brand especially auto brand. People will be worried on the performance and safety of cars. For this reason, marking a new brand is a barrier to entry automobile industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers For automotive suppliers, there are two different situations which due to different bargaining power. Firstly, some strong suppliers (e.g. BOSCH, DENSO) have big discourse power to auto companies and the market, as they supply many products for a number of auto companies (not only Audi). The suppliers have more market share than the others and much revenue. And the products of the suppliers have patents and are not able to replace through changing the suppliers. If there are few suppliers providing material essential to make a product then they can set the price high to capture more profit. Powerful suppliers can squeeze industry profitability to great extend. Thus, auto companies are vulnerable to the suppliers. Secondly, some suppliers are often small and medium size, whereas car companies are large and globalized. Many suppliers are dependent on a single car manufacturer, as they just have the capacity of supplying a litter product. Moreover, as  we know, globalization has greatly increased the possibility to lower-cost but suitable suppliers. If an automaker decided to switch suppliers, it could be devastating to the previous supplier’s business. As a result, suppliers are extremely susceptible to the demands and requirements of the automobile manufacturer. For many years, the relationship between assemblers and suppliers has been straightforward. Because each car was designed from scratch and seen by the automaker as a unique product, all investments in solutions and technologies for new models were undertaken by the automaker. Given this market setting, it is easy to conclude from the above discussion that no role existed for the supplier at the development level. At the manufacturing stage, particularly for simpler parts where there was a well-developed market, subcontracting would naturally occur. [3] For this reason, Audi AG has significant power to these suppliers. Bargaining Power of customers For Audi cars, customers may be distinguished by the power of economic function. While consumers are very price sensitive, they don’t have much buying power as they never purchase huge volumes of cars. However, the price is not a main factor for the people who have capacity of buying luxury cars. The customer can freely choose the product that best fits its preferences, status and lifestyle among many. Customers can find many different brands and car models in the market, paying attention to widely differing performance, quality, appearance, pricing, additional features. Customers have substantial power, mainly because of the large variety of luxury brands and product to choose from, and because of the presence of substitutes. The presence of many substitutes to luxury cars enhances significantly the bargaining power of potential customers. Buyers have the power to demand lower price or higher product quality from industry producers when their bargaining power is strong. [4] On the other hand, it is positive to help the auto firms develop and promote themselves. Threat of substitute products Substitute products have two different types. Other types of transport can fulfil the commuting of demand, such as motorbikes, bicycles, public transportation systems, planes. To personal considerations, people will find substitute products. Jogging and bicycle can give people a healthy  lifestyle, while protects environment by choosing transport. While we analyze porter five forces of Audi, we should consider not only other types of transport for substitute products, also concern cars themselves. As customers choose cars of other brands in the marker, which replaces the cars of Audi. If we consider the problems which use other brands to substitute the Audi, we will find the relativity between bargaining power of customers, threat of substitute products and competitive rivalry. With increasing number of substitute products, bargaining power of customers and competitive rivalry will become increase at the same time. For Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz are the most obvious substitutes in the market of mid-luxury cars. Or either higher-end cars which ultra-luxury brands (such as Ferrari, Lamborghini, Rolls Royce, Bentley)and the other end of the spectrum, less expensive cars from non-luxury brands (such as Toyota, Ford, Fiat, GM) are able to participate in the competition. Actually, the distinction between luxury cars and non-luxury cars itself is rather blurred sometimes. Pressure of the bad economic climate induces customers to choose less expensive cars, as their income decreases and expectations on the future worsen. Thus, threat of substitute products change with demand of our lives and the situation of economy. Competitive rivalry The rivalry between companies is rather intense, especially between the three global leaders: Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz. It is not simple that three companies have competitive rivalry. Because trends that are not radical that you lose touch with the market, but that go far enough that the market is prepared to follow. [2] It means a little mistake will make the auto firms lose its market. The three companies explicitly recognize each other as competitors, and their public statements and advertising campaigns make provocative comparison between the cars as to performance and innovativeness. Technological innovation is one of the fields of fiercer competition, as each of them claims to be technological leader in the industry. As previously said, substitute products will intensify competitive rivalry. With the development of Asian market, there are new luxury brands taking part in competition, such as Lexus, Infiniti and Acura. As we can see, competitive rivalry will be more intense t hat the past. Audi weaknesses Audi is clearly aiming to be a leader in automotive sustainability and is therefore stronger for it. Investment into production and vehicle technology can only increase the carmaker’s potential to become carbon-neutral. Investment into new technology could also be the cause for Audi’s biggest weakness: its cars’ reliability issues. Fitting complex electronic systems to every single one of its new cars, Audi has received a poor rating in many aspects of reliability. [5] The other weakness is about design language of cars of Audi. For the normal people who are not really into cars, they can’t really point out the differences between the A4 and the A6. Therefore, Audi need to make their productions diversified. In Audi annual report 2013, trends that are not radical that you lose touch with the market, but that go far enough that the market is prepared to follow.[2] Thus, Audi need to find a balance between trends, technology and design. Conclusion For the average person, they can’t come along and start manufacturing automobiles. The barriers are so high to the average person. Of course, Audi is not worried about barriers to entry. For Audi, bargaining power of suppliers are mutative depend on different suppliers, but overall bargaining power of suppliers at low position. As the suppliers and automotive firms they support each other. Then when we focus on bargaining power of customers, threat of substitute products and competitive rivalry, there is an interesting phenomenon. As previously said, if we consider the problems which use other brands to substitute the Audi, we will find the relativity between bargaining power of customers, threat of substitute products and competitive rivalry. Thus, when people find they have many substitute products to Audi cars, bargaining power of customers, threat of substitute products and competitive rivalry are high. Auto industry has many barriers and violent competition rivalry which not be limited in mid-luxury cars market. Meanwhile, there are many difficulties and challenges, as the situation of global economy is not well that the past. However, with appearing the burgeoning Asian market, such as China and India, auto industry has many chances to develop themselves or walking away from  difficulties. Reference [1] Audi History (n.d.) [online], available: http://www.audi.com/corporate/en/company/history/videos.html [accessed 18 May 2014]. [2] Audi Annual Report 2013 (n.d.) [online], available: http://www.audi-reports.com/ar2013/ [accessed 18 May 2014]. [3] Fixson, S. (2010) ‘Make–Buy Decisions in the Auto Industry: New Perspectives on the Role of the Supplier as an Innovator ’, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, pp. 239–257. [4] Porter’s five forces model (2013) Porter’s Five Forces [online], available: http://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/tools/porters-five-forces.html [accessed 21 May 2014]. [5] Sam Sheehan (2014) The Strengths And Weaknesses Of Audi [online], available: http://auto2014.wordpress.com/2014/01/11/the-strengths-and-weaknesses-of-audi/ [accessed 19 May 2014].

A Definition of the Word Trust Essay

When you think of a very special quality everyone should have, trust is the first thing that comes to my mind. Being able to trust someone is very important. We have to trust people in our lives every single day. Trust helps us to have relationships and friendships. Trust is defined as believing in someone in the dictionary. Although this seems simple, it is not that easy to understand and comprehend. Trust has a deep meaning as we continue to grow and change in life. We go through many things that make us change as we live, grow, and experience different challenges. Trust is believing in someone with your whole heart and believing that he or she will take care of it or appreciate it. There are so many types of trust. Three type of trust are: trusting in a family member, trusting in someone special, and trusting in friends. With our family members, we have deep trust. They have been through everything with us and most of deep dark secrets. They have been there for us during the good times and the bad. They watched us go through elementary, middle and high school. Your family has been there to watch you mature and become the person you are today. We have deep trust with them because they took care of us when we were sick or needed someone to cry on. Since we tell them everything, we are the most attached to them. They know when we are acting strange or weird and can tell when we are sad or ecstatic. They share all kinds of memories with us and understand what and where we have been. We let family know almost everything about us. We go back to them when we have nowhere else to go. We trust them with our lives because we know no matter what, that they will always love and care for us. Another kind of trust is trust in someone special or someone that we think is our true love. See more:Â  First Poem for You Essay We tell them everything about us because we believe that they really care. We tell him or her things that we keep to ourselves because we believe that he or she has committed to us. It takes a lot of time to have this kind of trust in a relationship. It takes a lot of time to confide our secrets and personal issues in someone else. When you have such a deep trust with him or her, there should be no secrets. There are no secrets when you truly love each other. This kind of trust is just part of the commitment to each other. In this commitment, you trust each other to be faithful, respectful and to always be there for each other. Another type of trust is the trust between friends. We let our friends know about some of our secrets. We keep the deep dark ones away from them. We also try to hide our past and do not trust them right away because we have had friends in the past betray and hurt us numerous times. We do not trust them right away because we do not know about their life or their past. We do not know where they come from or what they believe makes a good friend. So we as humans hide our feelings and do not trust them. It is only when we spend a lot of time and slowly open up to each other that we become closer and can eventually trust them. Trust cannot be given. It has to be earned. It is not as simple as believing. Trust is earned. When you earn trust, you realize that you can tell him or her anything and they will still be there for you. Trust is not easy to earn though. You have to really believe in the other person and know that they will not let you down. Therefore, trust is very important to humans everywhere. Trust is a huge factor of unity and without it people cannot live in unity. Only you can fully understand trust in your own way. Trust is having a special place in their heart and you having special place for them. Finally, trust is the base for all relationships and friendships. Without trust, we cannot find the true meaning of life. Trust is a must for everything in life.

Queen Hathseput essays

Queen Hathseput essays Hatshepsut was the first female ruler who ever ruled in all the history of the world. She was the most remarkable women that influenced history as a whole as well as Egypt itself. She was the first female pharaoh who ever ruled Egypt. Hatshepsut came to be by her parents TuthmoseI and Aahmes. She had two brothers who died prematurely and she was the favorite child. Unfortunately her two brothers both died. Since she was the only child left, she would become heir to the throne when her father dies. Hatshepsut's family tree made it easier to understand and it is a bit complex. It starts with Hatshepsut's parents' parents. Senseneb was married to AmenhotepI and had Tuthmose I, but Amenhotep I, also had a child with Aahotpou II and they had Aahmes, who Tuthmose I married. Tuthmose I and Aahmes had three children. They had two sons named Ouazmosou and Amenmosou who both died prematurely. Their third child was none other than Hatshepsut. Her father, Tuthmose I had a son with a commoner named Moutnofrit, their son was named Tuthmose II. Hatshepsut and her half-brother Tuthmose II were married. There is more to thisfamily tree that I will discuss later. When Hatshepsut's father died they became the new rulers of Egypt. Tuthmose I died in1512 and it became Tuthmose II and Hatshepsut's turn to rule. Tuthmose II was the one who was to gain the throne, but it was said that for the few years of his reign, Hatshepsut was doing most of the decision making. Hatshepsut had a child but it was very likely that it was her lovers, Senmut. But also Tuthmose II had a son with a commoner whose name was Isis. Their son was named Tuthmose III. Tuthmose II was pharaoh for only three or four years. Archeologists found some markings on the surface of his mummy that indicate that he had died of skin disease. His son with Isis, Tuthmose III, was too young so Hatshepsut was the person chosen to rule since Tuthmose III worshipped as a priest of the god Amon...

Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Essays

Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Essays Natasha David Bezmozgis on Dysfunctional Relationships Natasha, a short story by David Bezmozgis, provides prime examples of dysfunctional relationships. The dysfunction could be seen in the very first deal that Berman and Rufus made together. Berman offered to run drug related errands for Rufus in exchange for free drugs and some money (88). When Berman introduced Natasha to Rufus as his little sister, it seemed to Berman that Rufus was paying extra attention to Natasha and disrespected Berman by saying that, With all due respect, Berman, you and her arent even the same species (91). This lead to the final betrayal, where Rufus takes Natasha into his service even though he knew the status of Natasha and Bermans relationship (100). This betrayal in their relationship marked the most significant twist in the story plot. Another one of the clearest examples of a dysfunctional relationship is the one between Fima and Zina. While living together, Zina made Fima sleep in the living room couch (98), a clear sign of a dysfunctional marriage. Zina also tries to suck the life out of Fima. This was foretold in the first few conversations between Berman and Natasha, I feel sorry for him. Shell ruin his life he groans like hes being killed and she screams like shes killing him (88) and prediction came true later on, You saw how she tried to ruin my life and your life and how she was killing your uncle (98). Furthermore, Zina took advantage of Fima by stealing his money, embarrassing and insulting him. No matter what she did, Fima never took up the courage to leave her (98). This relationship helped in enlarging the dysfunctionability between Zina and Natasha. The basis of the dysfunctional relationship between Zina and Natasha stemmed from early age where since the age of eight, [Natasha] had been on her own (Bezmozgis 93). Zina neglected her while she messed around with other men (93). This turned Natasha towards the porn industry at age twelve (93-94). Furthermore, Zina also actively hurts her daughter. When Natasha finds out that Zina is cheating on her husband, Zina does not admit it but instead lashes out at ther daughters involvement with Berman (95). Natasha retaliates by calling her mother, whom she avoids, a whore (88) and is so agitated that she attacks Zina with a break knife (94). One cannot imagine a more dysfunctional relationship than this.

The Biography of Edwin Hubble

The Biography of Edwin Hubble The astronomer Edwin P. Hubble made one of the most profound discoveries about our universe. He found the cosmos is much larger than the  Milky Way Galaxy. In addition, he discovered that the universe is expanding. This work now helps astronomers measure the universe. For his contributions, Hubble was honored by having his name attached to the orbiting Hubble Space Telescope.   Hubbles Early Life and Education Edwin Powell Hubble was born November 29, 1889, in the small town of Marshfield, Missouri. He moved with his family to Chicago when he was nine years old, and remained there to attend the University of Chicago, where he received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy. He then left for Oxford University on a Rhodes Scholarship. Due to the dying wishes of his father, he put his career in the sciences on hold, and instead studied law, literature, and Spanish. Hubble returned to America in 1913 after the death of his father and began teaching high school Spanish, physics, and mathematics at New Albany High School in New Albany, Indiana. However, his interest in astronomy led him to enroll as a graduate student at the Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin. His work there led him back to the University of Chicago, where he received his Ph.D. in 1917. His thesis was titled Photographic Investigations of Faint Nebulae. It  laid the foundation for the discoveries he later made that changed the face of astronomy. Reaching for the Stars and Galaxies Hubble next enlisted in the Army to serve his country in World War I. He quickly rose to the rank of major and was injured in combat before being discharged in 1919. He went immediately to Mount Wilson Observatory, still in uniform, and began his career as an astronomer. He had access to both the 60-inch and the newly completed 100-inch Hooker reflectors. Hubble effectively spent the remainder of his career there, where he also helped design the 200-inch Hale telescope. Measuring the Size of the Universe Hubble, like other astronomers, was used to seeing strangely shaped fuzzy spiral objects in astronomical images. They all debated what these things were. In the early 1920s, the commonly held wisdom was that they were simply a type of gas cloud called a nebula. These spiral nebulae were popular observation targets, and a lot of effort was spent trying to explain how they could form given the current knowledge of interstellar clouds. The idea that they were whole other galaxies was not even a consideration. At the time it was thought that the entire universe was encapsulated by the Milky Way Galaxy - the extent of which had been precisely measured by Hubble’s rival, Harlow Shapley. To get a better idea of the structure of these objects, Hubble used the 100-inch Hooker reflector to take extremely detailed measurements of several spiral nebulae. As he was observing, he identified several Cepheid variables in these galaxies, including one in the so-called Andromeda Nebula. Cepheids are variable stars whose distances can be precisely determined by measuring their  luminosity and their periods of variability. These variables were first charted and analyzed by astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt. She derived the period-luminosity relationship that Hubble used to discover that nebulae he saw could not lie within the Milky Way. This discovery initially met great resistance in the scientific community, including from Harlow Shapley. Ironically, Shapley used Hubble’s methodology to determine the size of the Milky Way. However, the paradigm shift from the Milky Way to other galaxies that Hubble was a tough one for scientists to accept. However, as time passed, the undeniable integrity of Hubble’s work won the day, leading to our current understanding of the universe. The Redshift Problem Hubbles work led him on to a new area of study: the redshift problem. It had plagued astronomers for years. Here is the gist of the problem: spectroscopic measurements of the light emitted from spiral nebulae  showed that it was shifted toward the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum. How could this be?   The explanation turned out to be simple: the galaxies are receding from us at high velocity. The shift of their light toward the red end of the spectrum happens because they are traveling away from us so fast. This shift is called the Doppler shift. Hubble and his colleague Milton Humason used that information to come up with a relationship now known as Hubble’s Law. It states that the farther away a galaxy is from us, the more quickly it is moving away. And, by implication, it also taught that the universe is expanding.   The Nobel Prize Edwin P. Hubble was honored for his work but unfortunately was never considered a candidate for the Nobel Prize. This was not due to a lack of scientific achievement. At the time, astronomy was not recognized as a physics discipline, therefore astronomers were not eligible. Hubble advocated to change this, and at one point even hired a publicity agent to lobby on his behalf. In 1953, the year Hubble died, astronomy was formally declared to be a branch of physics. That paved the way for astronomers to be considered for the prize. Had he not died, it was widely felt that Hubble would have been named that year’s recipient. Since the prize is not awarded posthumously, he did not receive it. Today, of course, astronomy stands on its own as a branch of science that also includes planetary science and space science. Hubble Space Telescope Hubble’s legacy lives on as astronomers continually determine the expansion rate of the universe, and explore distant galaxies. His name adorns the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), which regularly provides spectacular images from the deepest regions of the universe. Fast Facts about Edwin P. Hubble Born  November 29, 1889, Died: September 28, 1953.Married to Grace Burke.A well-known basketball player at the University of Chicago.Originally studied law, but studied astronomy in graduate school. Received Ph.D. in 1917.Measured the distance to the nearby Andromeda Galaxy using light from a variable star.Discovered that the universe is larger than the Milky Way Galaxy.Devised a system for classifying galaxies according to their appearance in images.  Honors: numerous awards for astronomy research, the asteroid 2068 Hubble and a crater on the Moon anmed for him, the Hubble Space Telescope named in his honor, U.S. Postal Service honored him with a stamp in 2008.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Macroeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Macroeconomics - Assignment Example From the diagram, the demand of the loanable sum is inversely related to the interest rate (r). Firms generally will compare the expected profitability of investments with the interest rate. At lower interest rates, projects are profitable, and there will be a higher demand for loanable funds. When the government finance the fund from the private pool, the demand increase by the government expenditure minus the tax income (G - T ). The increase in the government financing reduces the availability of loanable sum in the market. Equilibrium of the supply and demand curve is disturbed and shifted to a higher interest rate. Both national saving and investment would be lower. The government loan forces the investor to compete for real interest rate make investment less attractive, assuring that investment will decrease (I shift to I' in diagram) along with the national saving. This is called crowding out. It causes a lower economic growth. Economist generally advises to reduce deficit. When the government switched from public to bank for credit, the supply of loanable fund to the market reduced. This thus causes a shift of the supply line to the left as in the diagram. The result of the reduction of loanable fund is the increase in the interest rates of loan. Private sector or firm will try to reduce their loan due to the high interest. There will not be a lot of projects going on and as a consequence the investment in the country will drop. Both situation 1 and 2 would result in inflation as interest rate increased. 3. large amounts of banknotes are dropped off from a helicopter Answer: When money falls from a helicopter, the supply of money or the saving hold by the public in the market increases. In the diagram, this is illustrated by the shift of supply curve (S) to the right (S'). The household expenditure might increase due to the increase in saving. Thus, the interest rate reduces (from r to r') and the demand of loanable funds increases (from I to I'). From the reduction of interest rate, more loan will be taken out to construct development projects. This is a situation where the money in the market increase without causing inflation. Scenario II In the same economy the money market adheres to the principles of the classical model but the commodity market displays a substantial amount of Keynesian unemployment with stable prices. A few assumption for Keynesian model prices & wages are fixed at a given level at these price & wage levels there is involuntary unemployment (there are workers without a job who would like to work at the going market real wage) Answer the same set of questions as those in Scenario I, namely, explain with the help of appropriate diagrams(s) what happens when 4. the government increases its expenditure and finances it by

Case study 3... I have copy and paste the instuctions below

3... I have copy and paste the instuctions below - Case Study Example This has increasingly attracted much focus as the next target by majority of Asian automakers. According to current statistics, several young people aged between 22- 30 years plan to purchase motor vehicles. Further, the same statistical data indicates that about 64% of females within this age group have already purchased a motor vehicle compared to 44% of their male counterparts (Nickell, 2012). In this regard, Asian automakers try to fulfill the desires of Gen Y by availing them with what they need in a unique way. According to Beard (2003), Gen Y possesses purchasing power to a tune of $170 billion which is expected to continue growing as they progress in their careers. Moreover, by Asian automakers targeting Gen Y, this could be a sign of trust that Gen Y is a brand royal whose desires are not only to serve them as individuals, but the entire community. Marketers continue facing a big challenge in handling Gen Y who does not prefer advertising since they believe advertising cause s them to purchase products they do not require. Moreover, they view advertising as one way of increasing product price which goes contrary to their desire of lowest price possible. Analysis of the strategy behind Honda and Toyota creating new vehicles such as the Element and the Scion By both Honda and Toyota manufacturing motor vehicles such as Element and Scion, it shows their efforts in establishing a relationship with Gen Y with a view of improving their brand name (Rechtin, 2009). Notably, Honda’s strategy acknowledges Gen Y varied preferences. According to Keegan and Green (2011), Toyota and Honda are using adaptation and extension strategies to access the global market opportunities. Both automakers seem to have noted the increased purchasing power of Gen Y by becoming more innovative in meeting their needs. In this regard, they have introduced new automobiles in the market at a price within reach of majority of this age group. The rationale behind Toyota's decision t o limit the number of Scion vehicles available for sale In 2006, Jim Press, a top executive with Toyota, United States commented on limiting the number of Scion motor vehicles. He explained that any further increase in sale of this brand could only accrue benefits to the Japanese automaker although he stressed that this decision would not lead to loss of customer preference for Scion. Additionally, Jim Press said that â€Å"Scion is an incubator† that was meant to help Toyota understand the preferences of the younger generation. The rationale behind limiting Scion’s sale volume could be explained in various ways including: Scion brand could have attained maturity stage and, to remain popular with Gen Y, Toyota had to create exclusivity image for this brand (Mandel et al., 2006). If Toyota continued with production of more Scions, it could have suffered diseconomies of scales. This is because, as it continued pursuing the growing market demand, at some point the rate of input increase could equal the rate of output increase - leading to rise of unit cost. What this means is that Toyota could be needed to produce more to meet the market demand. This would also require the company to increase labor and build additional plants in order to produce more cars. More so, by limiting Scion sales volume, Toyota could build long-term brand loyalty from its existing clientele. This is

Navy Seals Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Navy Seals - Research Paper Example nd air.) My stance on this paper will be that the NAVY Seals are a viable, necessary part of the Modern military not only in history but today as well they are a much needed force in today’s wars to combat terrorism and conflicts (Navy Seal History, N.D.) In the Second World War when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, America wanted to retaliate, however they were facing unknown, unseen enemies. Their soldiers became the target of landmines and other hazards. Thus the need of a force was felt which can clear the ground for the forces and comeback with enemy intelligence. They were called Naval combat demolition units. They underwent heavy training focusing mainly on physical endurance. Their training included carrying heavy leads, running, swimming and maneuvering small boats. Later they came to be known as Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT). In 1961 when an ally of America was fighting with an ally of Russia, US wanted to help his or her own ally. The Navy felt the need of a Special operations Unit building on the basis of UDT. Hence, Navy Seals was born. Their primary task was to clear the way for the Navy, obstruct enemy communication and destroy enemy ammunitions. (Obringer, Navy Seal History, N.D.)Â   The US Navy Seals are approximately 2200 in numbers, worldwide and they have special divisions within them who specialize in a particular territory. SEALS risk their lives and as per their motto of serving the country first and not individuals. They are called quiet professionals because most of their missions are highly secret and they cannot discuss their lives even with their wives. They get special training for in water demolition and scuba diving as most of their operations are in and around water-bodies. This is of strategic importance because in today’s world majority of the population in cities live within close range of water bodies. SEALS fight enemies of US all over the world. It can be a task to free hostages, or fighting with terrorists all over the

The Representatives of African Music Term Paper

The Representatives of African Music - Term Paper Example There Keita joined a music group Koteba and performed alongside the renowned African stars of that time. These included Kunda of Senegal and Mory Kante of Guinea. He quickly progressed and became a lead drummer of Ballet Djoliba when he was just 15.. He was named as the Artistic Director in the year 1979, the first drummer ever to be given a position of artistic director. Mamady’s name soon began to be heard outside West Africa and he was persuaded by a group of percussionists form Belgium to teach and perform in Europe. In 1991, he opened his own institution of percussions in Belgium with the name of Tam Tam Mandingue. He also formed his own performance ensemble titled Sewa Ken which meant ‘â€Å"Without music, there is no joy, without joy, there is no music.† The school got worldwide fame and very soon its branches were opened in many famous cities around the world. Mamady decided to take his native culture and music to more borders and in 2003 he shifted his fo cus from Europe to the United States. Mamady has also been cast in a movie named ‘West Africa’ when was seventeen. He starred in another titled La Vie Platin and also wrote and recorded the soundtrack of the movie. He released an album with the name of â€Å"DjembeKan which means ‘the sound of the djembe’. The video contained four solo performances and was meant to show the power and influence of Djembe on its listeners. Djembe is a special type of goblet-shaped drum that is very famous in the African especially Guinean culture. Mamady devotes his time to his personal life as well and lives with his wife Monette Marino in San Diego where he teaches students in his school. He actively tours around the world each year to promote and preserve the tradition of Djembe. He is really dedicated to the cause of promoting Drum and djembe playing and was the first percussionist to organize a drum, and dance workshop in association with Guinea’s Secretary of Ar ts and culture. The first camp was held in the year 1990 in which students from thirty-five countries participated.  

Compare the nature and impact of nationalism in India and in Essay - 1

Compare the nature and impact of nationalism in India and in sub-Saharan Africa in the 20th century - Essay Example Cultural identities vanished, political identities and political discrimination done by governing body and economic deprivation are the problems faced greatly by these people. These people make different small social groups which result ultimately in the development of ideas providing basis for nationalism. Many movements which contain ideas based on the concept of nationalism (Pamir). British Empire ruled was ruling all over the world in the twentieth century. The main goals ought to be achieved by these rules were the total use of natural and human resources of the occupied countries. Sub-continent is still considered as â€Å"golden bird† by world was conquered by British Empire in 1857. British enter the sub-continent for trade. At that time the whole area of subcontinent was lacking in a strong centralized government. All regions of sub-continent consisted of small empires of different people and continuously fighting with each other. Trade factor used by the British†™s East India Company, acted as a good recon for British. Due to this recon British know nearly all about the strengths and weaknesses of the rulers of the area aiding in capturing of whole region. On the other hand in sub-continent rulers were engaged in mutual disputes and at the time of invasion did not helped each other, in-fact aided British in order to capture the land of enemies (Ganguly, 11-25.). Last rebellion movement that failed in 1857 the whole rule of the sub-continent was fallen into the hands of British. If we compare India with other colonies of British Empire at that time; there is a major difference between other freedom movements and movement that resulted in the independence of sub-continental region from British. Other freedom movements going on around the world were violent in nature (Ganguly, 11-25.). In sub-continent liberalization and democratic institutions were present in even at that time. Other movements of the world contained a considerable amount of violence in them while movement in sub-continent was based on laws and democratic ways. There was an agreed constitution of 1935 implemented all over the region. Yet social and economic discrimination was still faced by most of the part of sub-continent. The major cause of increase in amplitude of the independence movement happened due a small incident that happened in 1853. Cow was considered as a sacred element for both Muslim and Hindu soldiers; (in-fact some of the sectors in Hindu religion consider cow as goddess). Muslim and Hindu soldiers refused to use the skin of cow as a part of greasing material used for tearing off of the cartridge. All those soldiers were ordered to be killed by commanding officer on that place. At the start of 20th century nationalist parties gathered on a single platform in order to provide political impedance to already present movement of independence. At start of the 20th century both Hindus and Muslims were on a single platform regarding the issu e of getting independence of freedom from British Empire. Both big leaders of Hindus (Gandhi) and Muslims (Muhammad Ali Jinnah) now known as founders of independent states of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and biggest claimed democracy Republic of India respectively (Ganguly). But history repeated itself conflicts raised between Hindus and Muslims

The Development of Fashion Design in Twenty Century Research Paper

The Development of Fashion Design in Twenty Century - Research Paper Example The paper "The Development of Fashion Design in Twenty Century" explores the 20th-century fashion design development. The development of fashion design involves the development of the industry of fashion that is responsible in designing accessories and clothing. This industry was depended on fashion houses and firms that are governed by specific designers. This industry started in the 19th century by one designer who had his label sewn in the created garments (Whitten 15). Starting from trees, and leaves to what people experience now in fashion world, the history of fashion design was influenced by many factors changing over to the twenty century. In attempts to unravel the historical trends in fashion and design, this paper explores the development of Fashion Design in the Twenty Century. The design started by the dress maker to the Queen of France who could be described to have started the fashion transition from some few dress makers to fine designers with a highly valued profile. This was referred to as the fashion minister as a sarcasm since she established one shop around Paris with a collection that was greatly influenced by the Parisian style. This trend continued up to when the trend was altered by the revolution of the French that made the renowned designer to flee to exile in London. In whatever appears like the modern sense, Charles Frederick from Paris has been reported as the first designer, who had a huge business that employed different anonymous seamstresses, and tailors.

Compare the nature and impact of nationalism in India and in Essay - 1

Compare the nature and impact of nationalism in India and in sub-Saharan Africa in the 20th century - Essay Example Cultural identities vanished, political identities and political discrimination done by governing body and economic deprivation are the problems faced greatly by these people. These people make different small social groups which result ultimately in the development of ideas providing basis for nationalism. Many movements which contain ideas based on the concept of nationalism (Pamir). British Empire ruled was ruling all over the world in the twentieth century. The main goals ought to be achieved by these rules were the total use of natural and human resources of the occupied countries. Sub-continent is still considered as â€Å"golden bird† by world was conquered by British Empire in 1857. British enter the sub-continent for trade. At that time the whole area of subcontinent was lacking in a strong centralized government. All regions of sub-continent consisted of small empires of different people and continuously fighting with each other. Trade factor used by the British†™s East India Company, acted as a good recon for British. Due to this recon British know nearly all about the strengths and weaknesses of the rulers of the area aiding in capturing of whole region. On the other hand in sub-continent rulers were engaged in mutual disputes and at the time of invasion did not helped each other, in-fact aided British in order to capture the land of enemies (Ganguly, 11-25.). Last rebellion movement that failed in 1857 the whole rule of the sub-continent was fallen into the hands of British. If we compare India with other colonies of British Empire at that time; there is a major difference between other freedom movements and movement that resulted in the independence of sub-continental region from British. Other freedom movements going on around the world were violent in nature (Ganguly, 11-25.). In sub-continent liberalization and democratic institutions were present in even at that time. Other movements of the world contained a considerable amount of violence in them while movement in sub-continent was based on laws and democratic ways. There was an agreed constitution of 1935 implemented all over the region. Yet social and economic discrimination was still faced by most of the part of sub-continent. The major cause of increase in amplitude of the independence movement happened due a small incident that happened in 1853. Cow was considered as a sacred element for both Muslim and Hindu soldiers; (in-fact some of the sectors in Hindu religion consider cow as goddess). Muslim and Hindu soldiers refused to use the skin of cow as a part of greasing material used for tearing off of the cartridge. All those soldiers were ordered to be killed by commanding officer on that place. At the start of 20th century nationalist parties gathered on a single platform in order to provide political impedance to already present movement of independence. At start of the 20th century both Hindus and Muslims were on a single platform regarding the issu e of getting independence of freedom from British Empire. Both big leaders of Hindus (Gandhi) and Muslims (Muhammad Ali Jinnah) now known as founders of independent states of Islamic Republic of Pakistan and biggest claimed democracy Republic of India respectively (Ganguly). But history repeated itself conflicts raised between Hindus and Muslims

1-Pilot & Non-pilot Protection of Transmission Lines Essay

1-Pilot & Non-pilot Protection of Transmission Lines - Essay Example This is of course in addition to today’s independent systems. It is important to note that the emphasis in this paper is not on the pilot scheme to be used but rather on whether a pilot system would be necessary. This follows the realization that a typical pilot terminal would cost $150K more compared with a non-pilot terminal. The question in this case is why would someone spend so much on a pilot scheme rather than just take up a non-pilot system which is less costly? The answers to this question serve as the justifications for the pilot scheme. Taylor (1927) says that the pilot scheme come in with additional benefits such as improved resistive coverage, high speed reclosing, and improved sustainability compared with the non-pilot system. In addition, the pilot scheme comes with alternatives to protection including fall back strategies, extensions to Zone 1, and inverse time over current. The pilot system also provides extended considerations mainly used in the determination of the system’s redundancy usually dependent on a number of factors including security, reliability, and dependability. The pilot system is also preferred because of its free interactions with the regulatory issues (Taylor, 1927). The protection of a transmission line has been a unique concept in the sense that, the system’s zone limit will have to separate geographical locations. This is contrary to the concepts in other systems such as buses, capacitors, and transformers. The idea behind the transmission line protection system is the alignment of the system elements and the input devices in one location and provides room for the instantaneous configuration of tripping. With the pilot scheme, this is usually done with very little coordination problems (Kim, 1996). Following the alignment of the system elements and input sources, all terminals will be

The Importance of Photography in Market Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Photography in Market Essay Nowadays, a lot of people are dissatisfied with Computer Generated Images. They complain about unethical behavior in these images because these are usually unreal or copied version of the original; thus, this pictures can destroy the reputation of any brand (Spurgin, 2003). However, there are several reasons that show shooting a real picture is the best way for a business to promote its image. I. Relationship Between Photography and Business Photography is one of the steps of be success for a company. â€Å"The most successful brands achieve fame through their use of iconic imagery† (Roalfe, 2006, P.26) Long text ads are not useful any more, and these are not grab attention of any body. This not the thing that companies wants from ads. This is like just throw money to the garbage. On the other hand, a picture can grab attention of customers just at a glance, this is what really companies are need. Pictures act like a hook for Ads. â€Å"The reaction you want is for your images to hold people’s attention for as long as possible† (P.27). However, if picture is perfect, but irrelevant to companies’ product is worth nothing. Companies and advertisement agencies can make profit with having right, interesting, relevant and real picture of their ads, or they can have paper which â€Å"is not worth the paper it’s printed on†. (Muhleman, 2005, P. 23) II. Perfect Picture can Equal Successful Brand. â€Å"The visuals you use will create a perception of your firm in the mind of the people who see them† (P.24). â€Å"The right picture is worth a thousand  words. It can tell you story, showcase your products, and intrigue, interest or excite your audience† (P.23). The picture that a company uses for an ad is presenting not only company’s product but also the personality of the company (Muhleman, 2005). Who, How and How Much? â€Å"To know how best to present yourself and your firm, you first have to know who you are. And that’s not always as simple as it sounds† (P.25). After the company owners knows who they are and what they want, they can ask for a photo. However, it is difficult to decide which photo is better (Muhleman, 2005). However, more difficult thing is to find and choose a photographer. Uli Weber, photographer, gives an example: â€Å"choosing photographer for MS company is never as easy as one might think. MS is not a high fashion brand but it is the nation’s favorite high-street fashion brand. Most of the top fashion photographers only really specialize in high fashion. Their shots usually turn the models into something quite cold, where as we were looking for warmth and humanity for MS† (Roalfe, 2006, P.26). Here is one the way to find the best photographer for a company: â€Å"Better yet, get help with photography from your agency or public relations partner. They’re already familiar with photographers in area, and can often get you a better deal with the good ones due to other relationship† (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). How much really should pay for a good photo?! There is not a particular price for a perfect image. Price is depending on company’s job. Further, company’s location, how many photo, when, where and what is subject are make different price (Muhleman, 2005). â€Å"The best advice is to check around look at photographer portfolios, find a few whose work you likes, and get several quotes. Often negotiate based on use. Try to get a buy-out of rights so you can use images whenever and wherever you need them† (P.26). Price is not as important as people think. If a photographer with cheaper price cannot give company what they really want and need, company will be in trouble because of wasting money and time. Remember, â€Å"It is not about your own personal choice of what you think might make a good shot; it’s about what is right for the brand† (Roalf, 2006, P.26). The other way to have perfect photo is using stock photos. However, there is always one problem that â€Å"photos are â€Å"royalty free†. And because you’re not buying the rights, they’re wide open to anyone to use at any time, so there’s a good chance you’ll see them in others ads, including your competitors† (Muhleman, 2005, P.26). Absolutely, a company pay for the rights to a photo, with high quality, the cost is higher but company has the photo that its needs and wants (Muhleman, 2005). According to Photography It’s a Relationship by Graham Medcalf, the other way to find better photographer is having campaign. â€Å"That’s where the agent comes in, and Force believes strongly in the concept of collective of different talents that can be recommended to achieve the desired result. Despite this, she says, â€Å"at the end of the day agencies are going to choose the photographer want to choose† (Medcalf, 2008, P.28). I II. The effects of digital technology on photo market Digital technology has effected to different section of market, photographer jobs and photo market which includes manufactures and customers behavior (Medcalf, 2008). â€Å"Photography has changed more in the past decade than ever before. Digital and internet have meant big changes for the industry and photographers have had to re-educate themselves and adopt to change very quickly† (P.26). Further, digital cameras are easy to use which is increasing the number of pictures taken. A lot of people who used to have a photographer for their ceremonies, wedding and anniversaries are taking advantage of digital photo cameras, and they shoot photos by their self. Thus, wedding photography has been affected negatively. In fact, wedding photographers are trying to survive by having ads like â€Å"your wedding day is the most important day for your life† (Havkins, J K, 2006, P.35), but ads are not as useful as they need. On the other hand, the other photographers like photojournalism, documentary photographer and action photographer take advantage of stock photography. â€Å"There are many publications that use images from photographers in different markets, because locals do not submit their own work† (P.35). Digital technology helps photographer to stock photos easier, faster and  cheaper; also, with fewer changes from original ones. Another advantage is saving time (Roalfe, 2006). â€Å"The advantage of working on digital is that you can see the images straight away on screen. This allows for a much quicker turn around because you can pick and choose images as you go along, immediately after each shot has been taken† (Roalfe, 2006, P.27). The number of digital picture taken has been increased rapidly. â€Å"Even accounting for population growth the exponential growth of photos is incredible (we take 4 times as many photos as 10 year ago). In total we have now taken over 3.5 trillion photos. The kind of photos we are taking has changed drastically – analog photos have almost disappeared – but the growth of photos continues.† (Good, 2011, Para.5) â€Å"According to survey by unity marketing (ww.unitymarketingonline.com), 44% of consumers agreed with the following statement regarding their participation in photography: â€Å"I enjoy taking pictures. I do so throughout the year, not only for special occasions. I like having a lot of pictures†. On the other hand, approximately one third of responders were less involved and agreed with this statement: â€Å"I take pictures occasionally on holidays and special occasions. Some time taking picture is a bother† (Miller Washington, 2007, P.86). This survey shows not only people who enjoy photography but also the other group prefers to take picture by their self which has been effected photo market; U.S. market is a good example. â€Å"According to the consumer Electronic Association (www.ce.org) 23.16 million digital cameras sold in 2005, a 22.8% increase over 2004. The value of digital cameras sold in 2005 was $6.13 billion, a 29.7% increase† (P.86). Photography industries needed to change their plan; process lines, machines even staff for producing digital camera that is cost a lot and take a long time. Kodak was one of the largest photo industries in the world. For being  successful in the market, Kodak had been trying to revenue their process line. According to Picture Imperfect written by Carry Barret and David F. Carr established in September 2004, for surviving as a digital enterprise Kodak were supposed to change all process lines from analog to digital if so they could give new products and services to their customers. Their problem did not only has changed analog camera to digital but also the way people print pictures. People prefer to print at home instead of taking time to have print from industry printers. They do not need to go out, and they do not need to pay a lot for have high quality photo. They save time and money. On the other hand, home printing has been decreasing the profit of companies like Epson and Canon. In short, after having huge budget for startup new process lines and trying to survive Kodak is facing bankruptcy in 2011(Eastman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection, 2012). The effect of digital technology is not only negative. Social network websites like Facebook and Flickr, and digital camera and printer maker industries like Canon, Epson, Hewlett-Packard and Sony are raising huge money annually. In conclusion, photography is one of the most important parts of market. All companies needs photo for their advertising. Because of the digital cameras, the number of photographers has been growing up which makes more competition so companies can have better advertise. This is a sad fact that some businesses have been losing money because of the digital technology. However, the advantages of digital technology are more. People enjoy photography more than past decade, which makes more needs to the market. In addition a lot of businesses have a chance to find customer needs and use them to be successful. References Miller, R. K., Washington, K. D. (2007). CHAPTER 14: PHOTOGRAPHY. In , Leisure Market Research Handbook (pp. 86-88). Richard K. Miller Associates. Medcalf, G. (2008). Photography : Its a relationship thing. Admedia, 23(8), 26-31. Roalfe, M. (2006). THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY. Campaign (UK), 26-27. Spurgin, E. W. (2003). Whats Wrong with Computer-Generated Images of Perfection in Advertising?. Journal Of Business Ethics, 45(3), 257-268. Barrett, L., Carr, D. F. (2004). PICTURE IMPERFECT. Baseline, (34), 28-48. Muhleman, J. (2005). Picture Your Brand. Franchising World, 37(2), 23-26. Eastman Kodak files for bankruptcy protection. Retrieved January 19, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-16625725 Good, J. (2011). How many photos have ever been taken?, from http://1000memories.com/blog/94-number-of-photos-ever-taken-digital-and-analog-in-shoebox Hawkins, J. and Hawkins, K. (2006). Marketing and Selling Techniques for Photographers. Buffalo, N.Y.: Amherst Media

Classical Liberalism Essay -- Thomas Hobbs, John Locke

Definition ========== The ideology of classical liberalism is concerned with the conception of an ideal society. The term classical refers to the early form of liberalism that flourished for much of the nineteenth century. It sees human nature as essentially selfish but rational. Therefore the ideal society is one where individuals have maximum freedom to pursue their own interest in competition with everyone else. Origins ======= Origins of classical liberalism are derived from the break up of the feudal system, which allowed people more economic freedom and allowed possible the early growth of capitalism. The fusion of economic and political liberalism has produced a powerful doctrine that has influenced governments ever since. However before CL had fully matured, it was preceded by two opposing movement: Natural rights and utilitarianism. Natural Rights ============== This doctrine, developed by Thomas Hobbs and John Locke in the 16th and 17th century is fairly famous due to Hobbs unflatteringly described 'state of nature' which states without a rule of a sovereign body then society becomes a 'warà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦of every man against every man' which leaves life 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short'. It was argued by both that each man is born with certain rights, which are natural and cannot be denied to him by others. This includes the rights to life, liberty and to avoid pain. In order to protect these rights, man must also consent to accept control from a sovereign in order to protect these rights and if this is not accepted, they will be limited. (This could also be confused by description, as aut... ...re with the natural state of society with providing local services such as welfare and education that according to Spencer was tampering with the processes of nature. Samuel Smiles, a follower of Spencer, took this further and actually campaigned against welfare provision as it's up to individuals to make the best of their own lives according to their abilities without relying on others. Summary of Classical Liberal Ideas  · The most basic value that must be preserved in society is individual liberty  · The free working of the economic system is vital in maximising prosperity  · The state should play a minimal role in society  · Inequality is natural. Creating greater equality is an interference with nature  · On the whole, individuals are responsible for themselves and their own welfare

The Effectiveness of Sex Appeal in Advertisement Essay -- Sex Media Ad

The Effectiveness of Sex Appeal in Advertisement Sex is everywhere. It's in every magazine, on every television station, and in every movie. Sex appears in advertisements for everything from shoes to food to computers. It is understandable why advertisers use sex appeal since it sets their ads apart from the countless others. Ads with sex can be more memorable, but sometimes too much sex overpowers the ad, drawing attention away from the brand. Overdone sex appeal can offend the target audiences, therefore causing the ad to be ineffective. Sex in advertising also tends to stereotype women and be bias towards men. Overall sex appeal can be effective if used in the correct context, but can also render the ad ineffective if overdone. Many advertisers view sex appeal as one of the most effective marketing practices today. In the endless number of advertisements out there nowadays, ad agencies are desperate to have their ads stand out. Several research studies have found that sex appeal in advertising is attention-grabbing, likable, arousing, and memorable (Severn, B...

The Rearmament of Germany in the 1920s and 30s

Looking back on the history, people begin to ask questions about why things happened the way that they did. Looking specifically in the field of World War 2, a popular question is â€Å"how was Germany such a successful force on the battlefield? † There are many explanations as to why Germany was so successful in all of its earlier military campaigns, but the largest reason is because of the secret rearmament that took place within Germany, years before the war. Several years before Hitler and The Second War, World War 1 ended in the humiliating defeat of Germany as a country.The conditions of Germany’s surrender were even more humiliating than the losses on the battlefield. As a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which Germany was forced to sign, the entire cause of the war was placed on Germany. Therefore Germany was forced to pay large sums of reparations and suffered several consequences militarily and economically. Those consequences were set up mainly by the Brit ish and French as a way to ensure that another war of aggression by Germany will not be able to happen again. First off, Germany’s military was disarmed and downsized.The number of troops allowed in the German army was never to exceed 100,000 men. Germany’s army was further disarmed when the victories allies forbade the use of tanks, poison gas, and large artillery pieces. 1 The German navy was forced to hand over all its battleships, heavy cruisers, and U-boats, effectively making the navy useless against any power in a possible naval confrontation. 2 The number of sailors allowed in the navy was also limited to 15,000 men as the maximum at any time. 3 Lastly, the German air force was disbanded all together, as Germany was not allowed to possess any warplanes.Also to add to the limitations of the German military, the German economy was also limited as another way to prevent a German rearmament. The factories in the Ruhr area, where much of Germanys manufacturing took place, were taken over by the French. 4 With no materials and no factories, the allies believed there was no way Germany could ever rearm themselves for war. However after a period of time, the allies began to forget about Germany and the previous war. The allies lost interest in German affairs, as they faced their own economic problems at home.Britain and France both had to now focus on the economic depression of their own countries, and had little time to worry about the affairs in Germany. However in Germany, through a string of political moves, Adolf Hitler becomes named chancellor of Germany. Whenever the president Paul Von Hindenburg dies in 1933, Hitler proclaims himself the dictator, which officially puts an end to the Weimar government. 5 One of Hitler’s very first objectives as new leader of Germany was to personally oversee the rearmament process of Germany. Germany immediately began secretly rearming itself for war.However in France, Britain, and even America, the y were still suffering from the effects of the depression. No democratic nation had the resources or money to be building weapons of war. As a matter of fact, the democratic powers were actually downsizing their military spending while Germany was quickly rearming. This rearmament period in Germany is probably the biggest reason for all of Germany’s success on the battlefield during the early stages of the war. While the world is building projects of peace, Germany is building up weapons of war.It only makes sense that Germany was able to conquer most of continental Europe after they have been rearming and preparing for years, while the democratic powers had been disarming their own militaries. It can be quite obvious that due to Germanys prolonged period of secret rearmament, they had become so successful over the other world powers once fighting broke out again. Contrary to popular belief, German rearmament of Germany did not begin under Hitler and the Nazis; Hitler was jus t the one that massively expanded rearmament. Secret policies for German rearmament were created almost immediately after the defeat of Germany in World War 1.However due to the strict sanctions of the Versailles Treaty, very few of these rearmament policies were possible. Following the disarmament of Germany after World War 1, the official army, or the Reichswehr consisted of 4,000 officers, 20,000 noncommissioned officers, 38,000 Gefreite, and 38,000 soldiers, for the maximum number of 100,000. 6 However, there were still militaristic units in Germany not counted towards the 100,000 total. At the beginning of the Weimar Republic, during the demobilization and the formation of the new troops, there was no clear distinction between legal and illegal parts of the army.Returning soldiers from World War 1, when removed from the army would join organizations which acted like an army, such as the Freikorps, border patrols, and home guards. 7 It is in these unofficial military units, that Germany is able to fight off the Communist revolution within its borders, and keep a large portion of its military intact. While the military factories in Germany had mostly been shut down or taken over by the British and French soldiers, Germany was still able to produce an abundance of new weapons, despite several bans on them.Many of the major German arms manufacturers had subsidiaries in other countries, particularly the countries neutral in the First World War, such as Sweden, Holland, Switzerland, and Spain. 8 These served as branches of the German companies engaged in armament production, research, and development. The use of neutral countries to produce weapons was a great way for German companies to continue making weapons that would have been outlawed in Germany. However since the weapons themselves were not allowed in Germany, the factories had to then ship them elsewhere for sale.German export trade flourished with arms trading to China, the Baltic States, and Czechoslo vakia. 9 This greatly helped the German economy which would have been doomed to fail had it not been for this illegal selling of German arms. Ironically the greatest country responsible for the pre-Hitler German rearmament, is the country that suffered the most from it, Russia. Russia not only allowed the production of arms in its borders, it allowed the secret training of members of the German army.This began in 1921 with the Rapallo Treaty signed between the two countries which had both been severely weakened by the First World War. 10 This connection between the two countries led to the construction of the early German air force, or the Luftwaffe. The Junkers airplane factory located in Dessau, built airplane factories in Russia. Airplane factories were built near Moscow, and in Samara and Saratow, all deep within Soviet territory to hide the information from the rest of the world. 11 Military air personnel got their instruction in Russia.German officers dismissed from the army w ent to Russia as civilians and, after a period of training there, returned to the army with a higher rank. 12 The German Army used this to effectively train men for the future air force. In addition to airplanes, the army also built a poison gas factory in Samara Oblast, a tank school at Kazan, and a naval base to hide and train Germanys navy. 13 The German company Krupp, was one of the larger factories that had a firm in Russia which produced heavy artillery, especially howitzers, that would eventually be used in war. 14All of the rearmament up to this point was almost strictly confined and controlled by the leaders in the German army. The first known German politician in the Weimar government that becomes aware of this rearmament is the chancellor in the 1920’s, Heinrich Muller. 15 Muller did nothing to stop the re-arming, and actually passed cabinet orders to encourage secret German rearmament. However Muller did place a ban on the paramilitary units in the Freikorps. Howe ver that only led to one of the Freikorps refusing to disband and marching on Berlin in the Kapp Putsch. 6 This began to show the true weakness of the Weimar government. The Weimar government will continue to fail at its policies which will lead to the eventual ascent to power of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. After the Nazi takeover of power, the re-armament became the topmost priority of the German government. Hitler would then spearhead one of the greatest expansions of industrial production and military buildup the world has ever seen. Once Hitler had gained power in 1933, he immediately continued the secret rearming of Germany.Hitler had made it plain what the basis of his foreign policy would be. He had clearly stated that he would undo what had been imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles and re-unite all Germans into one nation. Hitler however before rearming the German military, first had to rearm the German economy and industry before expanding the army for war. B efore Hitler could rearm Germany any further, he had to first make Germany a self-sustaining country that is able to maintain a continued war without suffering severe supply problems, such as the ones that were common in the First World War.Hitler and his economic ministers devised a ‘Four Year Plan’ that would in theory establish an economically independent Germany. The Four Year Plan sought to reduce unemployment, increase synthetic fibre production, undertake public works projects, increase automobile production, initiate numerous building and architectural projects, and further develop the Autobahn system. 17 The plan also emphasized building up the nation's military defenses, in direct violation of the terms set by the Allies of World War I at the Treaty of Versailles. One large project of this plan was the creation of the autobahn highway system.The autobahn was a highway system that was devised as a massive public works project by Hitler, but in reality it was a system of transportation devised for fast transportation of tanks and troops of the German army once war broke out. Hitler's autobahn construction began in September 1933 under the direction of chief engineer Fritz Todt. 18 The 14-mile expressway between Frankfurt and Darmstadt, opened on May 19, 1935, was the first section completed under Hitler. By December 1941, once America had entered the war, Germany had completed 2,400 miles (3,860 km), with another 1,550 miles (2,500 km) under construction. 9 This highway system was one of Hitler’s first devious plots to construct a way to wage war on a massive scale. Rearmament in Germany during the 1930’s also sought to improve the German industrial buildup. Archival research shows that German published industry statistics attempted to hide sensitive armament industries during this buildup. The industry census of 1936 lists 1. 22 million employed in â€Å"construction and other branches of industry†. 20 Unpublished arc hival documents from the Statistical Office reveal that this total includes about 167,000 employed in aircraft and firearms industry. 1 This is a third larger than Germany’s motor industry at the same time. This is during the same time that Hitler is claiming to be industrializing Germany’s economy to create jobs and to produce cars and roads for the German citizen. The table found below can provide details on Hitler’s policy of rearming Germany’s factories. Table Depicting 1936 Census Results of German Industry in War making facilities Once Germany’s economic situation had been settled, Hitler was satisfied enough to begin his next phase of the rearmament of Germany.Hitler saw Nazi Germany as being at the center of Europe and as the great power of Europe, so the nation needed a strong military. Up to this point, Germany had been technically keeping to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles but in reality she had been bending the rules regarding tra ining. The Treaty of Versailles had not stated that Germany could not train submarine crews abroad or that pilots for the banned German Air Force could train on civilian planes. Therefore, on paper Hitler inherited a weak military but this was not in reality the case. However, Hitler knew that publicly NaziGermany was still seen within Europe as being held to the terms of Versailles and he was determined to openly break these terms and re-assert Germany’s right to control its own military. In 1933, Hitler ordered his army generals to prepare to triple the size of the army to 300,000 men, and ordered the Air Ministry to plan to build 1,000 war planes. 22 Military buildings such as barracks were built. Hitler withdrew Germany from the Geneva Disarmament Conference when the French refused to accept his plan that the French should disarm to the level of the Germans or that the Germans should re-arm to the level of the French.Hitler is quoted as saying â€Å"Either way, the two m ain powers of Europe will be balanced. †23 Hitler knew that the French would not accept his plan and therefore when he withdrew from the conference, he was seen by some as the politician who had a more realistic approach to foreign policy and the French were seen as the nation that had caused Nazi Germany to withdraw. For two years, the German military expanded in secret. By March 1935, Hitler felt confident enough to go public on Nazi Germany's military expansion, which broke the terms of the Versailles Treaty.Europe learned that the Nazis had 2,500 war planes in its Luftwaffe and an army of 300,000 men in its Wehrmacht. 24 Hitler felt confident enough to also publicly announce that there would be compulsory military conscription in Nazi Germany and that the army would be increased to 550,000 men. 25 Now Hitler had to wait and see how France and Britain would respond to his massive rearming policies. The French and British however did nothing. Britain was still recovering fro m the Depression which had devastated the British economy.She could not afford a conflict. The French preferred a defensive policy against a potential German threat and she spent time and money building the vast Maginot Line, which was a series of vast forts on the French and German border. To Hitler, it even seemed that Britain was supporting Germany’s breaking of the Treaty of Versailles. Britain knew that Germany was rebuilding its navy and could do little to stop it other than going to war, which she was not prepared to do. As a result, Hitler signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement with Britain. 6 This treaty had clearly gone against what was stated in the Versailles Treaty on what Germany’s navy should be; â€Å"no submarines and only six warships over 10,000 tons. † In June 1935 the Anglo-German Naval Agreement was signed, which allowed Germany to have one third of the tonnage of the British navy’s surface fleet and an equal tonnage of submarines. That now allowed for Germany to build up their navy, or Kriegsmarine, without fear of condemnation from Britain. As an addition to expanding the Army and Navy, arguably the most effective tool for Hitler and the Nazis, would be his air force, or Luftwaffe.Aircraft technology developed quickly after the First World War and by the 1930s it was clear to Hitler that air power would play an important role in modern warfare. Hitler had an opportunity to give combat experience to his pilots during the Spanish Civil War. In 1937 the German Condor Legion bombed the town of Guernica in support of the fascist rebel leader General Franco. 27 In 1936, again Hitler took a major risk by moving German troops into the Rhineland. 28 This remilitarization was yet another clear contradiction of the Treaty of Versailles, but it was again unopposed by Britain and France.The Abyssinian Crisis in Africa and the shift of Mussolini towards an alliance with Hitler distracted Britain and France. In Britain, ma ny felt that it was only fair that Germany should be able to protect her borders, after all the Rhineland was Germany’s territory. The success of the remilitarization and further rearmament emboldened Hitler to attempt a series of foreign policy adventures in the certain knowledge that Britain and France would be reluctant to go to war with Germany unless directly threatened. This policy has come to be known as appeasement.By 1939, Hitler had an army of nearly 1 million men, over 8,000 aircraft and 95 warships. 29 This military strength had not been used in conflict, but the threat of it had helped him to achieve the remilitarization of the Rhineland in 1936, the Anschluss with Austria in 1938, the annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938 and the invasion of the rest of Czechoslovakia in March 1939. 30 All of this had been achieved without a shot being fired. A graph depicting Hitler’s forces can be found below. German rearmament| 1932| 1939| Army| 100,000| 950,000| Warsh ips| 30| 95|Aircraft| 36| 8,250| Graph showing a close estimate of the rearming of the German military under Hitler All during the rearmament process in Germany, the other countries such as Britain, France, and America are downsizing their armies and navies. The major naval powers of Britain, the United States, and Japan recognized the financial costs of a naval arms race. Organized and hosted by Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, the first naval disarmament conference was held in Washington during the winter of 1921-22, with eight nations in attendance.The agreement reached is known as the Five Power Treaty, which established a stoppage on the building of new warships for 10 years and set a tonnage ratio for Britain, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy. 31 Respectively and bound by the treaty, the signatories scraped 66 capital ships. 32 In addition to naval disarmament, Secretary of State Frank Kellogg and French Foreign Minister Aristide Briand engineered a pact at the 1927 Geneva conference that outlawed war entirely. 33 It is most likely that out of these weaknesses of the democratic nations, Hitler saw his opportunity to confidently rearm Germany.As a result, Germany continued to rearm continually once Hitler gained power in 1933 up to the break out of war in 1939. Britain and France, still suffering from earlier disarmament efforts, and still feeling the effects of the Depression, were unable to rearm to counter the German rearmament until 1937. By this time, it was too late to compete with the German armament. Once war broke out in 1939, Hitler was equipped with an all-powerful army, unlike the world had seen before. Due to the rearmament policies of Hitler, the German army had a massive force of tanks and planes, that the allies were unable to compete against.In the Battle for France, the Germans were equipped with 141 divisions, most of them motorized, 2500 modern tanks, and over 5500 modern planes. 34 On the British and French sides, t hey had 144 divisions, but most were still simple infantry divisions using outdated World War 1 era rifles and machine guns. 35 They were equipped with 3300 tanks which actually outnumbered the Germans, but again due to the lack of allied armament in the 1930’s, all of their tanks were outdated and inferior to the newer German tank designs. 6 Lastly, the allies could only amount 2200 aircraft, who were severely outnumbered and outgunned by the superior German Luftwaffe due to Germanys emphasize on rearming the Luftwaffe as the most important priority in modern warfare. 37 Germanys newly created and updated armed forces were able to easily defeat the outdated armed forces of most of Europe all the way up until late 1941 and 1942. Germany’s rearmament process from the 1920’s and 1930’s was definitely one of the most defining reasons as to why Germany was able to become such a successful military force.If German rearmament had been stopped during the interwa r period, it would have been impossible for Germany to wage any serious war against the allied powers. The tragedies of the war also could have been prevented if the allies were able to immediately respond to the German armament, instead of appeasement policies and not rearming their armies. After years of a struggling war, the allies were able to slowly defeat the German army through eventually rearming and reequipping their armies with the modern equipment that Germany had done years before the war. Notes 1.Slavicek, Louise C. The Treaty of Versailles, 48. New York City: Facts on File Inc, 2010. 2. Ibid. , 52 3. Ibid. , 56-57 4. Reprint Old Magazine Articles. â€Å"Germany's Triumph of Despair. † Literacy Digest, February 10, 1923. Accessed December 5, 2012. 5. Abraham, David. The Collapse of the Weimar Republic: Political Economy and Crisis, 262-271. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986. 6. Slavicek, The Treaty of Versailles, 47. 7. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s . v. â€Å"Freikorps,† accessed December 05, 2012, http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/218844/Freikorps 8.Manchester, William. â€Å"The Krupp Bloodline. † Inicio. Accessed December 5, 2012. http://www. bibliotecapleyades. net/bloodlines/krupp. htm. 9. Ibid. 10. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s. v. â€Å"Treaty of Rapallo,† accessed December 05, 2012, http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/491362/Treaty-of-Rapallo. 11. Suchenwirth, Richard. The Development of the German Air Force, 1919-1939, 14-19. Modesto: University Press of the Pacific , 2005. 12. Ibid. , 21 13. Encyclopedia Britannica, Treaty of Rapallo 14. Ibid. 15. Abraham, Collapse of the Weimar Rupublic, 120-134 6. Ibid. , 132 17. Taylor, Blaine. In Hitler's Engineers: Master Builders of the Third Reich, 1st ed. , 48-72. Houston: Casemate Pub, 2010. 18. Taylor, Blaine. â€Å"Fritz Todt. † In Hitler's Engineers: Master Builders of the Third Reich, 1st ed. , 52-58. Houston: Casemate Pu b, 2010. 19. Ibid. , 58 20. Fremdling, Rainer. â€Å"The German industrial Census of 1936: statistics as preparation for the war. † Ideas, Blog. Accessed December 5, 2012. http://ideas. repec. org/p/dgr/rugggd/200577. html. 21. Ibid. 22. Trueman, Chris. â€Å"Germany and Rearmament. † History Learning Site.Accessed December 5, 2012. http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/germany_and_rearmament. htm. 23. Steiner, Arthur H. â€Å"The Geneva Disarmament Conference of 1932. † In Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 212-219. Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2008. Accessed December 5, 2012. 24. Trueman, Germany and Rearmament 25. Ibid. 26. Maiolo, Joseph. The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 35-36. 27. Aviation History Magazine. â€Å"Spanish Civil War: German Condor Legion's Tactical Air Power. † History Net. Last modified June 12, 2006. 28. Macdonogh, Giles. 938: Hitler's Gamble, 13. New York: Basic Books, 2009. 29. Trueman, Germany and Rearmament 30. Macdonogh, 1938: Hitler's Gamble, 88-123. 31. EDSITEment. â€Å"From Neutrality to War: The United States and Europe, 1921–1941. † EDSITEment. http://edsitement. neh. gov/curriculum-unit/neutrality-war-united-states-and-europe-1921-1941. 32. Ibid. 33. Ibid. 34. Warner, Phillip. The Battle of France, 1940, 74-75. Johannesburg: Cassel ; Co. , 2001. 35. Ibid. ,82 36. Ibid. , 90 37. Suchenwirth, German Air Force, 144 Bibliography Bennett, Edward W. German Rearmament and the West, 1932-1933.Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1979. Print. Evans, Richard J. The Third Reich at War. New York: Penguin, 2009. Print. â€Å"Germny's New War Spirit. † Literary Digest 4 Feb. 1933: n. pag. Old Magazine Articles. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. oldmagazinearticles. com/how_did_germany_change_under_Hitler_pdf;. â€Å"German Threat and Rearmament. † The Cabinet Papers. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. nationalarchives. gov. uk/cabinetpapers/themes/ger man-threat-rearmament. htm;. Hickman, Kennedy. â€Å"Disarmament: Washington Naval Treaty. † About. om Military History. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. ;http://militaryhistory. about. com/od/militarystrategies/p/washingtontreat. htm;. â€Å"Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928. † The Avalon Project : Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928. Yale University, n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. yale. edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/kbpact. htm;. Murray, Williamson. â€Å"Winston Churchill's Prewar Effort to Increase Military Spending. † History Net Where History Comes Alive World US History Online Winston Churchills Prewar Effort to Increase Military Spending Comments. MHQ Magazine, 12 June 2006.Web. 15 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. historynet. com/winston-churchills-prewar-effort-to-increase-military-spending. htm;. Shirer, William L. Rise and Fall of the Third Reich : A History of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011. Print. Spielvogel, Jackson J. , and David Redles. Hitler and Nazi Germa ny: A History. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988. Print. Trueman, Chris. â€Å"Germany and Rearmament. † Germany and Rearmament. History Learning Site, n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. ;http://www. historylearningsite. co. uk/germany_and_rearmament. htm